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What is remarkable is that these fundamental notions, which are necessary for construction, are found in m an from his tenderest age, and it is fa s ci n ating to follow their evolution as Jean Piaget1 has done. After this short preamble on generalities we shall enter into the details of an approach to musical composition which I have de v elo ped over several years. What, in fact, d oes a musical composition offer strictly on the cons t ru ction level? It o ffers a collection of sequences which it wishes to be causal.
When, for simplification, the major scale implied its hierarchy of tonal functions-tonics, dominants, and subdominants-around which the other n ot es gravitated, it constructed, in a highly deterministic manner, linear processes, or melodies on the one hand, and simultaneous events, or chords, on the other. What is paradoxical is that he did this in the modal field. He created a multimodal music which immediately found imitators in serial music. I t is from here that the postwar nco-serialists have drawn their inspiration.
They could now, following the Vienna school and Messiaen, with some occasional borrowing from Stravinsky and Debussy, walk on with ears shut and proclaim a truth greater than the others. This pavi l i o n. Kaolinite adscrbs very little mercury, due to its siall surface area and lov negative charge.
Weed Sci 19 3. The persistence half-lives of the Landrin applied ranged from less than 4 to greater than to days in the 8 soils investigated. Rates of breakdown increased with increasing soil PH above pR 7 , indicating alkaline hydrolytive microorganisms were also involved, however.
Soil organic matter did not seem to be a major factor in Landrin degradation. Giqiena I Sanit. Soil from four provinces was studied: Tashkent, Andizhan, Fergana and Khorezm. In Andizhan province and Fergana, aldrin had been used for 2 years both as a seed dressing and aa an aerial treatmtnt foe cotton. The results are charted and show that aldrin contaminated the upper layers predominantly.
After 75 days, aldrin residues vere 0. Residues were still present at 1 CO days taut had disappeared, after 20 months. Aerial application led tc greater aldrin contamination of the soil. Its disappearance was explained by the high temperatures, microbiological processes, plant assimilation and leaching during irrigation. Aldrin persistence was found to depend on the soil type. In Uzbekistan, the same dose of aldrin left higher residues in pasture-marshland soil than in loamy or sandy loam type soils, crganic matter in the soil apparently playing a role.
After 2 years, self-cleansing of the upper layers had occurred but aldrin could still be detected in the to cm layers up to 5 years later and longer. Host agriculture in Uzbekistan is dene b irrigation farming; the aldrin soil residues have acted as secondary sources of pollution of irrigation reservoirs in every instance. The survey has shown that aldrin is stable in a hot climate; soil self-cleansing eccurs in the upper layers after 2 years and in the to cm soil layer after 5 or more years.
Aldrin residue accumulation depends on the sell type and it does migrate to deeper layers, from whence it may serve as a source of secondary pollution of open bodies of water. Zealand Hew Zealand J. In soil only it. Plants contained fensulfothicn, fensulfothion sulfone, fensulfothion oxygen analog sulfoxide and sulfone plus noncholinergic hydrolysis products. The soil was dark chestnut. The cabbage crop was treated four to five tiles during the growing season and irrigated six to eight tiles.
Soil saaples were taken froa the 0- to cs and the to cs horizons 15, 3C and 60 days after the last treatment. Soil residues were determined after the lethcd of T. Golnbev which is detailed photoelectric calorisetry. Chlorophcs disappeared the lost rapidly and could not be detected 15 days after treatient. Hetaphos 0.
There was insignificant leaching cf the pesticides to the lower-lying soil horizons. Th« rapid disappearance of these organephosphoras pesticides excluded their accumulation and contamination of the soil. The greater part of the applied cheiicals stayed in the upper soil horizons.
Part of Gunther, F. Mew Terk, R. Pood Ches. Total degradation of butachlor to CO2 was enhanced also by high teiperatures and length of exposure but was inhibited to a certain extent by flooding. Soil produced aetabolites, of which three were soluble in certain organic solvents and five were water soluble, were also influenced ty environmental factors, temperature and length ef exposure being lost significant. Pushkarov lost. ASH Unit. Houston black clay coil at both temperatures 30 or 50 C with or without irradiation, retained more DDT than the other 2 soil types, in soil extracts the only identifiable breakdown product of COT was DDI 2,2bis p-chlorophenyl -1 , 1-dichlcroethylene.
Arezzo, Arezzo, Italy Boll. TPTA indicated a half-life of approximately days in soil. Degradation appeared to be by licrobial activity. Neither rate nci total extent of nitrification were depressed ty TPTA concentrations higher than the usual agricultural doses.
Queen Elizabeth Coll. Volatilization was negligible, and leaching did not occur. Fentin acetate is effective for control of phytophthora infestans on potatoes; however, it is also toxic to plants and maimals. J Agr rood chem 19 2. Food Chem. Heed Sci. Conventional piclora« sprays resulted in significantly higher soil residues than polymerized sprays, although they were identical with respect to loveient through the soil.
Residues froi polyier granules were greater than froi polymerized sprays. After the soybeans were harvested, the soil was sectioned and assayed fcr endiin residues. At least three and possibly five transformation products of eidrit cccurred. Two products were identified as cndrin delta ketene and endrin alcchcl. A third product may have been endrin aldehyde.
Endrin transfonaticn appeared to increase with soil depth. In an extremely acid soil pH 4. Acid or base treatment of endrin and several endrin isomers indicated that endrin vas stable under basic conditions and the endrin alcohol and endrin aldehyde presumably were stable in all treatments tested eicept the case treatment at C for endrin aldehyde.
Agronomy J. Science Washington , The p. Alpha-BHC can be isolated from the environment in guantities larger than those expected on the tails of selective accumulation of impurities from the starting product alone. Soil microorganisms could be the cause of the transformation of gamma-bhc to alpha-bhc in the envircnment. Tskha Timiryazev. This high absorptive capacity of peat soils toward triazine derivitives greatly decreased their herbicidal activities, their transport through the soil, and their availability to weeds, but their inactivation still proceeded with sufficient intensity.
Thus, atrazine was adsorbed as much as fold lore strongly by peat as by sod-podzolic soils under various conditions, and prometryne was r«tained in the upper 5 CM of peat soil. Also, one is obliged te apply high doses of triazine herbicides and to preferentially apply them as posteiergence treatments on peat soils. Part of 1. Lincoln Eds. Edward Arnold, ltd. On the tasis of the seventh-year toxicity to test termites, soils treated with seven termiticides ranked in the following order: dieldrin greater than alflrin greater than hettachler greater than chlordane greater than DDT greater than lindane greater than sodiui arsenite.
In relation to residues present, the crder was DDT greater than chlordane greater than heptachlor and heptachlor epcxide greater than daldrin and converted aieldrin greater than dieldrin greater than lindane greater than sodium arsenite.
A further ranking on the basis of percentage of termiticide remaining was DDT greater than dieldrin greater than heptachlor and heptachlcr eporide greater than lindane greater than of the eighth and ninth years and from the standpoint of toxicity, after 9 years dieldrin and aldrin were clearly superior to the other termiticides in the tests. Pesults Beynon, K. Residues up to 0. The residues of cyanazine and the degradation products declined rapidly and were 0.
C4 ppi. Chlorotriatines and hydroxytriazines were present following cvanacinc treatment of maize plants grown in moil. The cblorotriazinem were probably taken op as much from the moil. The standard free energy, entropy and enthalpy associated with the adsorption of these soils were determined. The themcdynamlc parameters calculated from the adsorption measurements in these experiments were ostfol in elucidation cf the lechanisas involved. Appendices Eiggar, J.
Dalapon at 60 kg plus the aiine salt of 2, at kg initially decreased R03 accumulation but eventually increased it. The Herbicides did not hive auch effect on the huaus and tctal nitrogen contents of the soils, inereaaed the aobile-phosphorus content soaevhat and did not affect the content of exchangeable otassium.
Part of Blair, I. Ihe herbicide mixture initially inhibited and then stimulated mineralization of plant residues. Both the nitrogen fixing for the first 10 days and cellulose-degrading in leached cternoiem activities in the soil vere increased by treatment with the dalapon-2,4-dichloccphenoxyac«t amide mixture. The herbicide mixture increased the catalase activity but did not affect the invertase or aaylase activity of the soil.
Land- Forstnirtsch. Land- Forstwirt. Published between and Hass, Kiev. OSSB Khim. Missouri, Columbia, Ho. Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Diffusion of radiolabeled trifluralin through mexico silt loam soil was leisured ir diffusion cells under laboratory conditions.
Preliminary studies indicated that trifluralin diffusion coefficients are independent of diffusion time and chemical concentration in the soil. Vapor diffusion contributed the major portion of total diffusion at bulk densities less than 1. The magnitudes of vapor and solution diffusion are similar at bulk densities between 1. There is an exponential relationship between temperature and the diffusion coefficient in the temperature range from 4.
Diffusion vas low air-dry soil fcr all temperatures, passing through a laximum at moisture, when the air-filled porosity was reduced below approximately SOU, diffusion declined rapidly. A predicition model employing 15 terms and vbich accurately described the response surface of trifluralin diffusion coefficients vas developed.
Diffusion coefficients of 3. Delta States Agric. Solution diffusion increased directly with balk densities to 1. Taper diffusion contributed the major portion of total diffusion at balk densities less than 1. Delta states Agric. Diffusion was low in air-dried soil for all temperatures, then increased to a maximum when the soil had moisture, and then decreased as moisture content increased still further. Diffusion decreased when the air-filled soil void space was reduced below An equation was developed to predict trifluralin diffusion coefficients from a factorial experiment with 7 soil moisture contents, 5 soil temperatures, and 2 bulk densities.
Diffusion coefficients ranged from 3. The various reactions ware grouped as oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction, and, synthetic processes. Fungi participate actively in the biotransformation of pesticides, but the resulting products in laboratory experiments often show only a slight change from the parent substance. Pennsylvania State Oni».. University Park, Pa. Biochem, Microbiol. Suppl«»entation of soil by carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial growth stiaulated both activities, and pointed to the microbial origin of soil peroxidases.
The culture filtrate of this organise exhibited both peroxidase and aniline oxidase activity. Wisconsin, Madison, Ris. Program, Environ. The pesticide uptake was not affected by temperature and tR. Naturally occuiing organics present in two Visconsin lake waters- reduced the adsorption of dieldrin vithcut affecting that of lindane. Nearly of the absorbed lindane and 20K of the adsorbed dieldrin vere leached in three successive washes of distilled water.
Residue Res. Food Chai. Part cf Natsumnra, T. Environaental Toxicology of Pesticides. Proceedings of a united states-Japan Seainar. Zngland, p. The pesticidal compound is added to algae cultures in long, or active growth phase. After incubation for seven days the cultures are analyzed for aetabolites. This procedure allows one to alnimize the possibilities of pesticide inhibition to inlcnde possibilities of pesticide inhibition of growth.
Also, controls have been expanded pesticide to killed algae cultures as well as to cell-free media. This is done primarily to monitor the degree of degradation due to non-metabolic processes. All pesticides are Clabeled and degradation products examined by comparative TLC and autoradiograpby.
The results to date of this survey are summarized. Soil Biochem. Probably the best documented metabolic activity of soils has been the epoxidation cf cyclodiene insecticides. Organophosphates and carbamates ace readily degraded in soil by oxidation and hydrclysis: microorganisms ccntcibute to this degradation. The ease With which insecticide-degrading microorganisms are found is frequently related tc the overall stability of the pesticide. A Is 1 mixture of the triethylamine salts of 2,»,5-T plus picloram was sprayed 5 times at 1.
Soil, grasses and runoff water were analyzed periodically following herbicide treatment. Herbicide content in the Houston Black clay from Cay to Hay remained lov 0 to ppb. Herbicide content on grass was high 50 to 70 jpi immediately after treatment, but degraded racidly thereafter. Plant "washoff" was the main source of herbicide detected in runoff vater. Concentration of herbicide was moderately high tc ppb if heavy rainfall occurred immediately after treatment, but low less than 5 ppb if major storms occurred 1 month or longer after treatment.
Noench from either spray drift or subsequent runoff water in fields adjacent and below several herbicide-treated watersheds. Eulletin, Texas Agricultural Experimental station B, 2»p. In fine sandy soils detectable residues rarely moved below the top foot of the profile following the application of 0.
Dilation in the soil say be one of the most important practical means of dissipating this herbicide. It is also susceptible to photodecomposition. Picloram residues in the environment however do not appear to be harmful to maamals, fish, birds, or insects.
The elementary composition of plants and animals is discussed, together with guantitatiTe data on elementary cycles involving living organisms. The uptake and excretion cf elements, their essentially and toxicity, and the occurrence of essential elements in enzymes and other moleucles of biochemical interest are discussed.
Contains information on the naotral radioactivity of organisms, and on the contamination of the environment by both radioactive and non-radioactive elements. A summary of the data available for the occurrence and behavior of 90 elements in the biosphere is included.
The column temperature nas ,degrees. Ciurcn was determined only by cioassay. Following repeated diuron and simazine treatments in orchards, the former was leached in the soil to a depth of 40 cm, whereas the latter was confined to the surface 15 cm. At relative humidities greater than HOK, malathion penetrated the interlayer region of the lontmorillonite and Has adsorbed as a double layer, giving an expansion of 5.
The adsorpt ion mechanism was through a hydrogen bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen atoms and the hydratioo watersheds of the saturating cations. In dehydrated systems, a direct ioa-dipole interaction occurred between the carbonyl oxygen atoms and the saturating cations. The magnitude of both interactions increased with cationic valence.
No degradation of adsorbed malathion was observed. Corresponding figures for the tcp 0. Rhen lilk plus manure from contaminated cows was applied as fertilizer, the chlordane content of the trash was increased from 0. Degradation was slight and non-biological in autoclaved soil. A small but significant amount of 1UCO2 was released from the sell. Porest Eip. Fineville, La. Heed Set. Pood last.. However, reasonably good agreement in the relative order of persistence was found and a tentative classification of the insecticdes according to decree of persistence is suggested, netabolites from!
Prebltis and Possibilities Brooks, 6. Sussex, Brighton, England Festic. BiotransforBation products say be produced by in vivo experiments, use of tissue homogenates or partially purified enzyme syatess, and use of chemical systems modeling enzyme reactions. Doe to the importance of anaerobic micrebial biotransformations regarding the final disposal of orgachlorine compounds, reagents such as chromous chloride, which appear to mimic such processes, will be of increasing interest.
Pathways of Enzymic Degradation of Pesticides Brooks, 0. Sussex, Brighton, England Environ. On the enzymic procetses of pesticide degradation, on the nature and ccnsegnences of the biotransformations, and on tbe ensvsic mechanisms of toxicity, resistance and snyergism.
Microfilms, inn Arbor, Mich. Thirteen of the standards Batched with the BRTs of aajor coiponents; 9 did not give GLC responses on the columns used; and 15 definitely were not among the aajor components of the sell extracts. During a study of volatilization of endrin and its metabolite, EBP1, from coils cndei controlled conditions, increases in temperature and percent moisture greatly increased volatilization. ERP1 showed no detectable volatilization after 4 days, lore endrin volatilized from the surface of a natch glass than from the surface of the soil, although the areas of the twc surfaces were similar.
Prolonged storage of endrin and related standards resulted in conversion of 5 compounds, but none of the conversion products matched with the HFT of a major soil extract component. Develop Pep. Grass and broadleaf weeds are effectively controlled by atrazine. Experiments proved atrazine to be short-lived in soils. Aldicarb and its toxic derivatives were relatively stable in all of the dry sells, in sand at all moisture levels and in loam with moisture.
There were no differences due to pH except in the dry sand sample of pH 6, where a rapid volatilization occurred. Wildlife Hanage. Birmingham, Birmingham, England Re«d Res. Adsorption equilibrium ranged from 3 boors for the soil and humic preperations to 08 honra foe the more highly crosslinked materials. The adsorption equilibrium was not affected by temperature degrees , indicating that ion exchange is the primary adsorption mechanism.
There was no evidence of paraquat decomposition in any of the adsorption systems tested. The rate of paraquat adsorption to soil organic matter or model compounds apparently is controlled by the diffusion rate within the adsorbent matrix. The TCAB that accumulated was still present after days of incubation. Biriinghai, Birmingham, England Heed Res. Measurement of the counter ion in solution at equilibrium and correlation of the adsorption vith exchange capacity for hydrogen lot adsorbents shoved that ion exchange vas the primary adsorpticn lechaniam.
Desorpticn of paraquat vith HC1 frci organic sell preperations vas less than expected. The aidant of paraquat adsorbed vas directly dependent en the selectivity and on the exchange capacity of the adsorbent, bat steric effects could also affect the results. Desorption should behave as the reverse of adsorption, when ion exchange is the only lechanisi taking part in the sorption process. Biriinghai, Biriinghai, England Pestic. Apparently the soluble huiate fraction has a selectivity sequence for exchangeable cations.
Cciparable results vere obtained on coluins of sephadex g10 and fro» ultrafiltration threugh an am icon diaflc ui-2 ultrafilter. Dichloride vas adsorbed to tbe saie extent on each of 1 fractions of sodiui ion huiate seperated on sephadex glOC. Attempts to relate the extents of saturation vith adsorbate of the exchange sites vith the optical densities of tfce infrared bands vere unsuccessful because of deviations froi Beer's Lav. Rates of loss froi unsterilized soils vere up to tvice as great as frci sterilized soils.
Atrazine dissipated faster under fallow than laize culture in the vest but there vas no difference in the center or east. In central and vestern nebraska atrazine persisted in the soil for greater than 1 year but in the east lost vas dissipated before the next groving season. Sprinkler irrigation larkedly reduced atrazine longevity. Reed Sci. Fed Ear Biochei Soc Lett. Proc Northeast Seed control Conf. Folia Bictoblol. The s»ipling areas followed the historical boundaries of the Corn Belt and vere selected froi sites designated for the Rational Soils Monitoring Program.
At each site a 2-qt soil saiple composite of 50, 2-by 3-incb cores, taken in a grid pattern over each acre site was collected as veil as a composite saiple of any available standing crop. In addition, use records vere obtained at each site for the kinds and aiounts of pesticides used daring the cropping season as veil as the naies of other pesticides known to have been used in the previous 5 years. Forty compounds were identified in use records: 20 herbicides, 17 insecticides, and 3 fungicides.
Atrazine vas most videly used, followed by captan, lalathion, 2,4-D, propachlcr Sam rod , amiben, and aldrin. Forty-five percent of the soil samples analyzed contained residues; 11 pesticides or ietabolites were detected. Arsenic, which can occur naturally in soil, «as detected in nearly all soil samples. The lost commonly detected residues w«re these ef aldrin, chlordane, and dieldrin. Seven compounds, including four DDT metabolites, vere detected in cornstalks, soybeans, sorghui grain, scrghni fodder, and hay.
Food Chei. The saize accumulated 0. Host of the pesticide in the leaves had aetabolized to 3-hydroxycarbofuran. Food Chem.. Identification and Measurement of Environmental Pollutants. Ontario, Canada, Jane , National Research Council: Canada, p. California, Berkeley, calif. Soil Hicrobiol. Rice Bes. Aldrin vas lore persistent in flooded than in upland soil. Chlcidan and Dieldrin vere persistent in both flooded and in upland soil.
The tests vece carried out by adding the insecticide to soil samples in the lab. Flood and upland conditions vere simulated. FositiTely charged adsorbents adsorbed more EDI from solution than negatively charged adsorbents. When soil-vater systems vere shaken for 2 days before the addition of DDT the amount of DDT adsorbed by the soil decreased, probably because of the association between DCT and organic matter and suspended clay particles in the aqueous phase.
Methods vere developed for the unified determination of the eight organochlorine and five crganophosphorus insecticides at the 0. Extent of adsorption of gamma, BHC, malathicn, and parathion on sediments vas determined. The most important factors governing adsorption were pesticide; sediment ratio, sediment concentration, pesticide concentration, and organic matter content.
Gamma BBC vas detoxified in lake systems by microbial isomerization of the insecticide through alpha-, delta-, and beta-BHC; the reaction vas much more rapid in anaerobic than aerobic systems. Hydroxy atrazine degrades in sediment systems and partial cleavage of the stable s triazine ling vas indicated. Terminal Residues, Invited Pap. A sajor unknown coipound was isolated froi soil E receiving pps propanil and was related to TCAB by tbe addition of an-RH group to the azo cosponnd.
The colleabolan population vas higher in OCT-treited plots than on check plots 6 years after application. Plant Hutr. Tokyo SSPRil 18 6. The degradation increased »ith exposure tile to ultraiiolet light, relative huiidity, teiperature and concentration. Indian Soc. Adiorption also increased vith the rise in activation teaperatnrec, levering tbe pH, and increasing the organic aatter content of the soil.
Adsorption on hcsoionic soils vas found to be directly related to the percentage of saturation by various cations. Leaching studies revealed that high percentages of sand and lov clay contest allowed tore penetration of Lindane through soil colnans. The degree of Parathion degradation «aa in the decreasing order: alkali soil, acid soil, norial soil.
Chloro-»-ethylaainoisopropylaaino-s Triazine in Soils Chopra, S. India, Calcutta, India Geol. India, Hisc.
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Triple Martingale v 1324 Betting Strategy Battle Round 1! Is this a Handicap Match?It is therefore n ot surprising that the presence or absence of the principle of causality, first in philosophy and then in the sciences, might influence musical co mp os ition.
| Flans car mod 1-3 2-4 betting system | 149 |
| Flans car mod 1-3 2-4 betting system | Metin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10 6;Sept. Suppl«»entation of soil by carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial growth stiaulated both activities, and pointed to the microbial origin of soil peroxidases. Aldrin vas lore persistent in flooded than in upland soil. Minnesota, St. Fed Ear Biochei Soc Lett. |
| Mlb world series futures | Minnesota, St. Residues up to 0. The persistence half-lives of the Landrin applied ranged from less than 4 to greater than to days in the 8 soils investigated. Part of coulston,?. Decomposition of 2,4'-DDT occurred in anaerobic but not in aerobic sterile soil and was practically complete in anaerobic non-steril soil. |
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